{"author":[{"last_name":"Feng","first_name":"Li","full_name":"Feng, Li","id":"237630"},{"last_name":"Amin","full_name":"Amin, Nowshad","first_name":"Nowshad"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jingwei","full_name":"Zhang, Jingwei"},{"full_name":"Ding, Kun","first_name":"Kun","last_name":"Ding"},{"id":"208487","full_name":"Hamelmann, Frank","first_name":"Frank","orcid":"0000-0001-6141-9874","last_name":"Hamelmann"}],"publication_status":"published","article_number":"1448","intvolume":"        13","title":"Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-09-05T13:09:46Z","doi":"10.3390/app13031448","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"                  This study presents an approach with a simple structure, low complexity and low costs to evaluate the real-time status and localize the faults of a smart PV system at module level based on field conditions. The performance evaluation approach of a PV system is developed through the defined performance indicators, a complex data matrix to track module locations and a thermal model to determine the module temperature. The generalization potential of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through the successful experiment validation. The results show that the performance indicators are greatly corrected by the estimated module temperature with great linear agreement in R2 of 0.922 compared to actual measured temperature under same conditions. Due to the effective performance indicators capturing more performance differences caused by faults of cracks in 0.22 of PV_ΔV, partial shading in 0.47 of PV_ΔV, broken sensors in 0.17 of PI_ΔI and 1 of PV_ΔV separately, the proposed approach is very effective in evaluating the performance of PV modules at module level. Meanwhile, the faulty modules are diagnosed and located through these findings and the data matrix in the smart PV system. Additionally, the sensitivity of the proposed approach to fault in cracks is much higher than that of monitoring only the power.\r\n                "}],"volume":13,"status":"public","_id":"2916","publisher":"MDPI AG","user_id":"245590","citation":{"chicago":"Feng, Li, Nowshad Amin, Jingwei Zhang, Kun Ding, and Frank Hamelmann. “Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions.” <i>Applied Sciences</i> 13, no. 3 (2023). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448\">https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Feng_Amin_Zhang_Ding_Hamelmann_2023, title={Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448\">10.3390/app13031448</a>}, number={31448}, journal={Applied Sciences}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Feng, Li and Amin, Nowshad and Zhang, Jingwei and Ding, Kun and Hamelmann, Frank}, year={2023} }","short":"L. Feng, N. Amin, J. Zhang, K. Ding, F. Hamelmann, Applied Sciences 13 (2023).","mla":"Feng, Li, et al. “Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions.” <i>Applied Sciences</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, 1448, MDPI AG, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448\">10.3390/app13031448</a>.","alphadin":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Feng, Li</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Amin, Nowshad</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Zhang, Jingwei</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Ding, Kun</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Hamelmann, Frank</span>: Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions. In: <i>Applied Sciences</i> Bd. 13, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 3","apa":"Feng, L., Amin, N., Zhang, J., Ding, K., &#38; Hamelmann, F. (2023). Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions. <i>Applied Sciences</i>, <i>13</i>(3). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448\">https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448</a>","ieee":"L. Feng, N. Amin, J. Zhang, K. Ding, and F. Hamelmann, “Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions,” <i>Applied Sciences</i>, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023.","ama":"Feng L, Amin N, Zhang J, Ding K, Hamelmann F. Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions. <i>Applied Sciences</i>. 2023;13(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448\">10.3390/app13031448</a>"},"year":"2023","publication":"Applied Sciences","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"alternative_id":["3491"],"issue":"3","date_created":"2023-05-12T15:17:05Z","oa":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2076-3417"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031448"}]}