{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2045-2322"]},"abstract":[{"text":"By the fabrication of periodically arranged nanomagnetic systems it is possible to engineer novel physical properties by realizing artificial lattice geometries that are not accessible via natural crystallization or chemical synthesis. This has been accomplished with great success in two dimensions in the fields of artificial spin ice and magnetic logic devices, to name just two. Although first proposals have been made to advance into three dimensions (3D), established nanofabrication pathways based on electron beam lithography have not been adapted to obtain free-form 3D nanostructures. Here we demonstrate the direct-write fabrication of freestanding ferromagnetic 3D nano-architectures. By employing micro-Hall sensing, we have determined the magnetic stray field generated by our free-form structures in an externally applied magnetic field and we have performed micromagnetic and macro-spin simulations to deduce the spatial magnetization profiles in the structures and analyze their switching behavior. Furthermore we show that the magnetic 3D elements can be combined with other 3D elements of different chemical composition and intrinsic material properties.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"         8","article_number":"6160","date_updated":"2024-11-15T12:51:10Z","author":[{"first_name":"Lukas","full_name":"Keller, Lukas","last_name":"Keller"},{"first_name":"Mohanad K. I.","last_name":"Al Mamoori","full_name":"Al Mamoori, Mohanad K. I."},{"last_name":"Pieper","full_name":"Pieper, Jonathan","first_name":"Jonathan"},{"first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Gspan, Christian","last_name":"Gspan"},{"first_name":"Irina","full_name":"Stockem, Irina","last_name":"Stockem"},{"first_name":"Christian","orcid":"0000-0002-6391-6548","id":"35809","full_name":"Schröder, Christian","last_name":"Schröder","orcid_put_code_url":"https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-6391-6548/work/96660628"},{"first_name":"Sven","full_name":"Barth, Sven","last_name":"Barth"},{"first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Winkler, Robert","last_name":"Winkler"},{"full_name":"Plank, Harald","last_name":"Plank","first_name":"Harald"},{"last_name":"Pohlit","full_name":"Pohlit, Merlin","first_name":"Merlin"},{"first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Jens"},{"last_name":"Huth","full_name":"Huth, Michael","first_name":"Michael"}],"issue":"1","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","oa":"1","quality_controlled":"1","volume":8,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Keller_Al Mamoori_Pieper_Gspan_Stockem_Schröder_Barth_Winkler_Plank_Pohlit_et al._2018, title={Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices}, volume={8}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x\">10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x</a>}, number={16160}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Keller, Lukas and Al Mamoori, Mohanad K. I. and Pieper, Jonathan and Gspan, Christian and Stockem, Irina and Schröder, Christian and Barth, Sven and Winkler, Robert and Plank, Harald and Pohlit, Merlin and et al.}, year={2018} }","mla":"Keller, Lukas, et al. “Direct-Write of Free-Form Building Blocks for Artificial Magnetic 3D Lattices.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, 6160, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x\">10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x</a>.","ama":"Keller L, Al Mamoori MKI, Pieper J, et al. Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2018;8(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x\">10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x</a>","ieee":"L. Keller <i>et al.</i>, “Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018.","chicago":"Keller, Lukas, Mohanad K. I. Al Mamoori, Jonathan Pieper, Christian Gspan, Irina Stockem, Christian Schröder, Sven Barth, et al. “Direct-Write of Free-Form Building Blocks for Artificial Magnetic 3D Lattices.” <i>Scientific Reports</i> 8, no. 1 (2018). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x</a>.","apa":"Keller, L., Al Mamoori, M. K. I., Pieper, J., Gspan, C., Stockem, I., Schröder, C., … Huth, M. (2018). Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <i>8</i>(1). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24431-x</a>","short":"L. Keller, M.K.I. Al Mamoori, J. Pieper, C. Gspan, I. Stockem, C. Schröder, S. Barth, R. Winkler, H. Plank, M. Pohlit, J. Müller, M. Huth, Scientific Reports 8 (2018).","alphadin":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\"><span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Keller, Lukas</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Al Mamoori, Mohanad K. I.</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Pieper, Jonathan</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Gspan, Christian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Stockem, Irina</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Schröder, Christian</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Barth, Sven</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Winkler, Robert</span> ; u. a.</span>: Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices. In: <i>Scientific Reports</i> Bd. 8, Springer Science and Business Media LLC (2018), Nr. 1"},"user_id":"220548","date_created":"2021-07-06T09:07:23Z","project":[{"name":"Bielefelder Institut für Angewandte Materialforschung","_id":"f89a05bb-bcea-11ed-9442-ed382659bc06"}],"title":"Direct-write of free-form building blocks for artificial magnetic 3D lattices","publication":"Scientific Reports","status":"public","_id":"1429","year":"2018","publication_status":"published"}